Compression fundamentals

Lossy vs Lossless Image Compression: A Practical Guide

Learn how lossy and lossless compression differ and how to choose for photos, graphics, editing and the web.

Reviewed 2 August 20268 min readEditorial policy

What lossless means

Lossless encoding reconstructs the represented pixel data without compression loss. PNG is common. This does not make every PNG an untouched original; earlier resizing or conversion may already have changed it.

What lossy means

Lossy encoders approximate less noticeable information. Sensible settings can look excellent; aggressive settings cause blocking, ringing, smeared texture and colour banding.

Choose by workflow stage

StageApproach
MasterKeep the original or a lossless/editable master
EditingAvoid repeated lossy saves
Web deliveryVisually test a lossy photo copy
Logo/screenshotPrefer lossless output

How to test quality

Inspect at intended size and difficult areas at 100%: hair, foliage, small type, gradients and hard edges. Use the lowest setting that meets the real requirement; quality numbers differ between encoders.

Frequently asked questions

Is lossless always higher quality?

It preserves represented pixels, but a damaged source remains limited by that source.

Can lossy compression be reversed?

No. A later PNG save cannot reconstruct discarded detail.

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